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基于Vivaldi的超寬帶低剖面天線設(shè)計
電子技術(shù)應用
郭德嘉1,2,孫慧峰1,2
1.中國科學院 空天信息創(chuàng)新研究院;2.中國科學院大學 電子電氣與通信工程學院
摘要: 針對超寬帶小型化雷達系統(tǒng)的需求背景,設(shè)計了一款通過交趾耦合形成天線間緊耦合結(jié)構(gòu)的超寬帶低剖面陣列天線。該陣列天線單元首先在傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線結(jié)構(gòu)上增設(shè)了一對帶圓形腔體的弧形槽,從而使傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線頂端呈現(xiàn)類似偶極子輻射結(jié)構(gòu)的形態(tài);然后通過采用交趾耦合結(jié)構(gòu)起到天線間緊耦合作用,明顯降低了天線的整體剖面高度;接下來在天線單元上層引入介質(zhì)匹配層,進一步改善了匹配效果。仿真結(jié)果表明:設(shè)計的陣列天線在2.5~15 GHz工作頻段內(nèi),其駐波比均小于2,12×12天線陣列最大增益大于20 dB,陣列天線單元剖面高度僅為15 mm(0.125倍低頻波長)。因此,設(shè)計的天線在保證超寬帶性能下還大大降低了天線的剖面高度,具有較高的工程應用價值。
中圖分類號:TN82 文獻標志碼:A DOI:
中文引用格式: 郭德嘉,孫慧峰. 基于Vivaldi的超寬帶低剖面天線設(shè)計[J]. 電子技術(shù)應用,2024,50(6):52-56.
英文引用格式: Guo Dejia,Sun Huifeng. Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi[J]. Application of Electronic Technique,2024,50(6):52-56.
Design of ultra-wideband low-profile antenna based on Vivaldi
Guo Dejia1,2,Sun Huifeng1,2
1.Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: In response to the demand for miniaturized ultra-wideband radar systems, a novel ultra-wideband low-profile antenna array is designed with close coupling between antenna elements achieved through a cross-coupling structure. The proposed array antenna unit enhances the traditional Vivaldi antenna structure by introducing a pair of arc-shaped slots with circular cavities, giving it a dipole-like radiation pattern at the top of the Vivaldi antenna. The cross-coupling structure is employed to achieve tight coupling between the antenna elements, significantly reducing the overall profile height of the antenna. Additionally, a dielectric matching layer is introduced on top of the antenna unit to further improve the matching performance. Simulation results demonstrate that the designed array antenna exhibits a standing wave ratio of less than 2 across the 2.6 GHz to 15 GHz frequency range. The maximum gain of the 12×12 antenna array exceeds 20 dB, while the profile height of the array antenna unit is merely 15 mm (0.125 times the low-frequency wavelength). Hence, this antenna design not only meets the requirements of ultra-wideband performance but also greatly reduces the profile height of the antenna, offering significant engineering applications.
Key words : ultra-wideband;low profile;tightly coupled;Vivaldi antenna

引言

隨著當前軍事技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展以及無線通信應用領(lǐng)域的不斷拓展,陣列天線廣泛地應用于飛機、導彈、衛(wèi)星等相應特定載體的雷達系統(tǒng)中[1]。這些雷達系統(tǒng)不滿足于單一的探測或通信功能,希望能夠盡可能多地實現(xiàn)偵察、干擾、探測、通信等功能的組合[2-5],這對雷達天線帶寬提出了很高的要求。功能增多,雷達系統(tǒng)復雜度也隨之增加,由于受到立體空間的限制,如何實現(xiàn)雷達前端天線小型化成為了雷達設(shè)計需要解決的另一個關(guān)鍵性問題。傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線頻帶寬,但是剖面較高[6-9],不利于雷達系統(tǒng)小型化,滿足不了實際工程應用需求。

為了應對上述提出的帶寬需要達到超寬帶、低剖面、易共形的天線設(shè)計要求,設(shè)計了一款基于傳統(tǒng)Vivaldi天線緊耦合形式的超寬帶低剖面天線,其帶寬能達到約6個倍頻程,剖面高度為15 mm(0.125,為低頻波長),其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,可以采用印刷線路板加工方式,加工難度低[10],實際應用前景廣泛。


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作者信息:

郭德嘉1,2,孫慧峰1,2

(1.中國科學院 空天信息創(chuàng)新研究院,北京 100094;2.中國科學院大學 電子電氣與通信工程學院,北京 100049)


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