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數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)認(rèn)定范式的省思與轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)——基于44份裁判文書分析
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理
陳雅婷,陳曦,曹煜鵬
中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)研究中心
摘要: 由于數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為缺乏專門法規(guī)制,裁判失范、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一的問(wèn)題日益凸顯。基于對(duì)既有44份案例的整理、歸納,數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)規(guī)制存在法條適用順位混亂、邏輯框架體系結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)、分析要素論證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參差等問(wèn)題。鑒于此,為規(guī)范行為認(rèn)定范式,須遵循動(dòng)態(tài)多元的利益權(quán)衡機(jī)制,厘清優(yōu)先等級(jí)的法條適用順序,明確數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的邏輯框架,形成以行為不正當(dāng)性和損害后果為主要要素,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系、數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)益和主觀過(guò)錯(cuò)為次要要素的層次化分析范式,進(jìn)而對(duì)各分析要素進(jìn)行科學(xué)明確的統(tǒng)籌。
中圖分類號(hào):DF523文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.05.010
引用格式:陳雅婷,陳曦,曹煜鵬. 數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)認(rèn)定范式的省思與轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)——基于44份裁判文書分析[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2025,44(5):64-71.
Reflections and progress on the paradigm for identifying unfair competition in data scraping——based on the analysis of 44 judicial documents
Chen Yating, Chen Xi, Cao Yupeng
Center for Study of Intellectual Property Rights,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law
Abstract: Due to the lack of specific legal regulation for unfair competition in data scraping, issues such as judicial irregularity and inconsistent standards have become increasingly prominent. Based on the organization and induction of 44 existing cases, the regulation of unfair competition in data scraping suffers from chaotic prioritization in the application of legal provisions, a disordered logical framework structure, and inconsistent standards for the argumentation of analysis elements. In light of this, to standardize the paradigm for identifying behavior, it is necessary to follow a dynamic and diverse interest balancing mechanism, clarify the priority order of legal provision application, clarify the logical framework for unfair competition in data scraping, and form a hierarchical analysis paradigm with the main elements of behavioral unfairness and damage consequences, and the secondary elements of competitive relationships, data rights, and subjective fault, thereby scientifically and clearly coordinating each analysis element.
Key words : data scraping; unfair competition; identification paradigm

引言

隨著數(shù)據(jù)資源在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中的戰(zhàn)略地位越發(fā)凸顯,非法數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)高發(fā)態(tài)勢(shì)。數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為指利用自動(dòng)化算法程序,按照指定規(guī)則自動(dòng)提取并下載所需的網(wǎng)頁(yè)數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)而形成互聯(lián)網(wǎng)網(wǎng)頁(yè)鏡像備份[1]。目前,數(shù)據(jù)權(quán)利的客體地位尚未確定,實(shí)踐中多援引《中華人民共和國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》(以下簡(jiǎn)稱《反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法》)處理相關(guān)糾紛,但該法存在缺乏專門法條而只能適用一般性法條的涵攝困境。在行為的司法認(rèn)定上,法院所采用的分析要素呈現(xiàn)非系統(tǒng)性特征,使該類行為的裁判結(jié)果缺乏可預(yù)測(cè)性。現(xiàn)有研究多集中在數(shù)據(jù)屬性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系、行為不正當(dāng)性等單個(gè)要素的認(rèn)定上,對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的認(rèn)定范式尚未形成體系化研究。本文采用實(shí)證分析的研究方法,在中國(guó)裁判文書網(wǎng)、威科先行等多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中,以“本院認(rèn)為:數(shù)據(jù)、抓?。ㄍ危睘殛P(guān)鍵詞,“不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”為案由,共檢索到2010至2023年間的數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)糾紛案例共計(jì)183個(gè),經(jīng)篩選得到適格案例44個(gè)。經(jīng)對(duì)上述案例的比較分析,總結(jié)法院在司法實(shí)踐中認(rèn)定數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)行為的含混之處,進(jìn)而在范式框架內(nèi)系統(tǒng)性探討完善數(shù)據(jù)抓取行為不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)認(rèn)定路徑的方法,以求對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)抓取不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)認(rèn)定范式的轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)有所裨益。


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http://theprogrammingfactory.com/resource/share/2000006549


作者信息:

陳雅婷,陳曦,曹煜鵬

(中南財(cái)經(jīng)政法大學(xué)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)研究中心,湖北武漢430073)


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