智能天線利用數(shù)字信號處理技術(shù)在基帶動態(tài)產(chǎn)生空間定向波束，將天線方向圖主瓣對準(zhǔn)有用信號到達方向，低增益副瓣對準(zhǔn)干擾信號到達方向，借助有用信號和干擾信號在入射方向上的差異，選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)暮喜?quán)值，從而達到充分利用移動用戶信號并抑制干擾信號的目的。智能天線相當(dāng)于空時濾波器，在多個指向不同用戶的并行天線波束控制下，使信號在有限的方向區(qū)域發(fā)送和接收，從而提高頻譜利用效率，增大系統(tǒng)容量。

一、智能天線應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

　　智能天線在移動通信中的應(yīng)用分為移動臺和基站，本部分僅討論智能天線應(yīng)用于基站的實現(xiàn)技術(shù)，其中智能化發(fā)射技術(shù)、接收技術(shù)和動態(tài)信道分配是３項關(guān)鍵的技術(shù)。

　　１．智能化接收技術(shù)

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title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" 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title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ" title="ＣＤＭＡ">ＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)中，由于不同用戶占用同一信道，不同用戶帶來的多址干擾（ＭＡＩ）和多徑信道帶來的碼間干擾（ＩＳＩ）會使到達基站的用戶信號產(chǎn)生畸變，所以必須采用信道估計和均衡技術(shù)，將各用戶信號進行分離和恢復(fù)（即多用戶檢測ＭＵＤ）。整個上行信道等效為一個多重單輸入多輸出系統(tǒng)。

        另一方面，為了給智能發(fā)射提供依據(jù)，在上行中還需要估計反映用戶空間位置信息的參量，如ＤＯＡ、空域特征（ＳＳ，ＳｐａｔｉａｌＳｉｇｎａｔｕｒｅ）等，它們的精度估計將直接影響到下行選擇性發(fā)送的性能。目前，完成智能化接收的方法主要有基于高分辨率陣列信號處理方法和基于信號時域結(jié)構(gòu)方法兩類。前一類方法又分子空間方法和基于參數(shù)估計準(zhǔn)則的方法兩大類。后一類方法主要利用信號的時域信息和先驗特征進行空域處理。

　?。玻悄芑l(fā)射技術(shù)

　　在蜂窩系統(tǒng)中，為滿足多媒體業(yè)務(wù)通信質(zhì)量的要求，發(fā)射信號功率一定要動態(tài)控制，在保證整個蜂窩系統(tǒng)各小區(qū)的信號總功率平衡的情況下（各小區(qū)干擾基本穩(wěn)定），滿足各種業(yè)務(wù)的不同傳輸速率和不同的誤碼率要求。

        智能化發(fā)射技術(shù)利用用戶的空間差異，保證每個用戶只接收基站發(fā)給它的下行信號，不受同一信道中基站發(fā)給其他用戶信號的干擾。實現(xiàn)智能化發(fā)射有基于反饋和基于上行鏈路參數(shù)估計兩種方法。前一種方法是基站通過移動臺返回基站的訓(xùn)練信號，估計下行信道的響應(yīng)情況，其缺點是浪費帶寬。基于上行鏈路參量估計的方法是利用一些特征參量相對于上下行鏈路的不變性，通過各用戶對上行信號的估計，確定下行鏈路的波束形成方案。ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ采用后一種方法。

         在時分雙工（ＴＤＤ）系統(tǒng)中，上、下行鏈路使用同一載波頻率，在信道特征變化相對較慢的情況下，可以近似認(rèn)為上、下行鏈路的信道特征相同，可使用對上行信道的估計設(shè)置下行鏈路參數(shù)。在頻分雙工（ＦＤＤ）系統(tǒng)中，由于上、下行鏈路載頻不同，上、下行鏈路的信道特性差異很大，要分別估計上、下行鏈路特征，所以在ＦＤＤ系統(tǒng)中使用智能天線比在ＴＤＤ系統(tǒng)中使用要復(fù)雜得多，這也是ＴＤＤ系統(tǒng)較ＦＤＤ系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢所在。

　?。常畡討B(tài)信道分配

　　在通信中，信道分配是保障通信質(zhì)量、有效利用信道的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。在空分信道引入系統(tǒng)后，空、頻、時和碼分信道的動態(tài)分配技術(shù)已成為新的技術(shù)難點。后三種信道分配技術(shù)是確定性的，可由系統(tǒng)根據(jù)用戶情況動態(tài)分配，但空分信道分配不同。在基站處，接收功率相差不大和用戶方向角度差大于天線主波瓣的用戶，可分享同一時、頻域信道。這樣，空分信道分配就成為動態(tài)的條件組合問題，且隨著用戶空間位置的移動，為跟蹤用戶，空分信道必須相應(yīng)變化，隨時進行動態(tài)分配。空分信道分配必須與時、頻信道分配和切換相結(jié)合，這就需要形成一種高效算法，以適應(yīng)用戶的移動性。對于ＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)，由于其容量是軟容量，信道分配相對簡單。智能天線本身具有功率控制功能，其性能要優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有的功率控制技術(shù)。同時基站間的越區(qū)切換也將更為靈活。

二、下一代移動通信中的時空多用戶檢測技術(shù)

　　在下一代移動通信系統(tǒng)中，多用戶檢測（ＭＵＤ）是一項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。ＭＵＤ利用多址干擾的信號結(jié)構(gòu)特征，對所有的激活用戶進行聯(lián)合估計，可以明確估計出期望用戶的多址干擾，從而抑制多用戶干擾，從本質(zhì)上解決遠近問題（ＮｅａｒＦａｒＰｒｏｂｌｅｍ）。然而多址干擾和無線信道具有明顯的空間結(jié)構(gòu)特征，如果采用智能天線技術(shù)，將為干擾抑制提供新的維度。智能天線引入移動通信系統(tǒng)基站后，可以實現(xiàn)對移動用戶的定向發(fā)射和定向接收，能從空域上消除大量的多用戶干擾，并能減輕多徑效應(yīng)。因此，利用時空多用戶檢測技術(shù)進行干擾抑制，將進一步提高系統(tǒng)性能。

        時域信息和空域信息的結(jié)合有級聯(lián)和聯(lián)合兩種方式。在時空級聯(lián)處理方法中，空間濾波器用來去除未被多用戶檢測器去除的多址干擾，能在一定程度上改善接收效果，但不能應(yīng)用于過載情況。時空聯(lián)合處理方法將空域特征和時域特征等同看待，與傳統(tǒng)的時域多用戶檢測器相比增加了等效處理增益，提高了用戶特征之間的正交性，從而改善了接收機性能，且可以應(yīng)用于過載系統(tǒng)中。因此，基于時空聯(lián)合處理方法性能優(yōu)于級聯(lián)處理方法，但是其運算量大。

        在我國提出的第三代移動通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ中實現(xiàn)了智能天線和聯(lián)合檢測（ＪＤ：ＪｏｉｎｔＤｅｔｅｃｔｉｏｎ）技術(shù)的有機結(jié)合。由于上行鏈路和下行鏈路具有相似的信道特性，所以ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)能夠把上行鏈路聯(lián)合檢測過程中獲得的沖擊響應(yīng)估計值應(yīng)用于下行鏈路，用類似于最大功率合成的方法實現(xiàn)下行智能天線自適應(yīng)波束賦形算法，這是ＴＤ－ＳＣＤＭＡ系統(tǒng)智能天線算法的獨特之處。

        聯(lián)合檢測算法可以分為３類：非線性算法、判決反饋算法、線性算法。非線性算法主要有最大似然序列估計（ＭＬＳＥ），該算法極度復(fù)雜，在要求實時性的移動通信系統(tǒng)中難以應(yīng)用。判決反饋算法是在線性算法基礎(chǔ)上經(jīng)過一定的擴展得到，有迫零判決反饋均衡器算法（ＺＦ－ＢＤＦＥ）和最小均方誤差判決反饋均衡器算法（ＭＭＳＥ－ＢＤＦＥ），它們的計算復(fù)雜度較大。實際應(yīng)用中，常采用線性算法。其原理是先用線性塊均衡器Ｍ對接收信號進行檢測，得到Ｋ個用戶發(fā)送符號的連續(xù)值估計，然后用Ｋ個量化器對這些連續(xù)值估計進行量化，就可得到對用戶發(fā)送符號的離散值估計。

        基于時空二維處理的智能天線和多用戶檢測相結(jié)合，是一種優(yōu)勢互補的組合。在看到時空二維多用戶檢測器的巨大容量潛力的同時，也應(yīng)該看到其優(yōu)良的性能是以巨大的運算量為代價的。運算量大是時空二維多用戶檢測器實用化的主要障礙。研究快速算法將是今后時空二維多用戶檢測器研究工作的一個重點。

三、結(jié)束語

         在移動通信技術(shù)的發(fā)展中，智能天線已經(jīng)成為一個最活躍的領(lǐng)域。智能天線技術(shù)可以充分利用無線資源的空間可分性，提高無線通信系統(tǒng)對無線資源的利用率，并從根本上提高系統(tǒng)容量。雖然實現(xiàn)智能天線還有許多問題有待研究解決，但可以預(yù)見智能天線將在未來的移動通信領(lǐng)域中大放異彩。