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注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)下陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 10期
唐 婧
(南京大學(xué)法學(xué)院,江蘇南京210000)
摘要: 注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)背景下,傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)中立理論受到?jīng)_擊。在侵權(quán)責(zé)任規(guī)制上,應(yīng)為具有情感連接功能的陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)找尋新的規(guī)制路徑。這一路徑不應(yīng)完全脫離當(dāng)前以過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任為主的侵權(quán)責(zé)任體系,但由于陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的算法可能引發(fā)廣泛且嚴(yán)重的損害,因此在規(guī)制的整體態(tài)度上,保持相對(duì)嚴(yán)格的歸責(zé)傾向;而在具體的司法實(shí)踐中,以舉證責(zé)任倒置等方法補(bǔ)足直接運(yùn)用過(guò)錯(cuò)責(zé)任的缺陷,并對(duì)未來(lái)建立陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的通用規(guī)則持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。
中圖分類號(hào):DF4
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.10.010
引用格式:唐婧.注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)下陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的侵權(quán)責(zé)任[J].網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理,2023,42(10):60-65.
Tort liability of companion AI platforms in the era of attention economy
Tang Jing
(School of Law, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China)
Abstract: Under the background of attention economy, the traditional theory of technological neutrality faces challenges. In the regulation of tort liability, a new regulatory path should be found for companion artificial intelligence with the function of emotional connection. This path should not completely deviate from the current faultbased liability system for torts. Given that companion artificial intelligence can potentially cause extensive and severe harm, a relatively strict approach towards attribution of liability should be maintained in the overall regulatory stance. However, in specific judicial practices, the deficiencies of direct application of faultbased liability can be addressed through methods such as the inversion of the burden of proof, and an optimistic attitude should be adopted towards establishing general rules for future companion artificial intelligence platforms.
Key words : attention economy; companion AI platforms; technology neutral; responsibility regulation

0    引言

陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)興起于注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)熱潮中,在情感識(shí)別方面以超出一般人工智能平臺(tái)的算法能力,通過(guò)情感計(jì)算與平臺(tái)用戶建立連接,用戶可能在此交互過(guò)程中對(duì)陪伴式人工智能產(chǎn)生情感依賴,因此在發(fā)生侵權(quán)事件時(shí),陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)不僅可能對(duì)用戶造成財(cái)產(chǎn)、隱私等實(shí)體損害,還可能造成精神損害。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)的算法能力已經(jīng)超出傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)中立理論的范疇,因而不應(yīng)當(dāng)允許平臺(tái)以“技術(shù)中立”進(jìn)行侵權(quán)責(zé)任的抗辯。在責(zé)任生成的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)邏輯方面,從平臺(tái)微觀角度和社會(huì)宏觀角度加以論證,結(jié)論是應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)陪伴式人工智能平臺(tái)施加相對(duì)嚴(yán)苛的責(zé)任。而在責(zé)任規(guī)制的具體路徑方面,權(quán)宜之計(jì)是充分利用已有的分散式規(guī)則,且在具體運(yùn)用中保持嚴(yán)格的規(guī)制態(tài)度,如采取舉證責(zé)任倒置等辦法,先行解決司法實(shí)踐的困難。理想的方式是在陪伴式人工智能發(fā)展成熟之時(shí)以通用規(guī)則進(jìn)行規(guī)范。



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作者信息:

唐婧

(南京大學(xué)法學(xué)院,江蘇南京210000)


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