《電子技術(shù)應(yīng)用》
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DPS寬動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)技術(shù)介紹及應(yīng)用分析
安防知識(shí)網(wǎng)
摘要: 隨著安防行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,攝像機(jī)的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)得到不同程度的突破,從而得到了多種更新?lián)Q代的產(chǎn)品。從最初的黑白攝像機(jī)到現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的彩色攝像機(jī),從最初的單一種類攝像機(jī)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在多品種、多功能攝像機(jī),從最初的低線攝像機(jī)到現(xiàn)在的超高清晰度攝像機(jī),攝像機(jī)技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展,使得用戶可根據(jù)實(shí)際環(huán)境與不同需求來選擇攝像機(jī)。
Abstract:
Key words :
  隨著安防行業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,攝像機(jī)的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)得到不同程度的突破,從而得到了多種更新?lián)Q代的產(chǎn)品。從最初的黑白攝像機(jī)到現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的彩色攝像機(jī),從最初的單一種類攝像機(jī)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在多品種、多功能攝像機(jī),從最初的低線攝像機(jī)到現(xiàn)在的超高清晰度攝像機(jī),攝像機(jī)技術(shù)不斷發(fā)展,使得用戶可根據(jù)實(shí)際環(huán)境與不同需求來選擇攝像機(jī)。

  隨著用戶對(duì)攝像機(jī)圖像效果要求的不斷提高,在明暗反差過大的場景中,如大廳、門口等光線差別比較大的場所,傳統(tǒng)攝像機(jī)只能依靠背光補(bǔ)償(BLC)功能來處理。當(dāng)背光補(bǔ)償功能打開的時(shí)候,背景圖像會(huì)出現(xiàn)曝光過足,圖像發(fā)白、失真;當(dāng)背光補(bǔ)償功能關(guān)閉的時(shí)候,前景圖像因?yàn)槠毓獠蛔愣蔀楹谏?。許多攝像機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠家為了解決這些問題,相應(yīng)地對(duì)背光補(bǔ)償(BLC)采用了一些增強(qiáng)技術(shù),但也僅是對(duì)局部圖像進(jìn)行處理,無法得到理想的全局圖像。因此必須有一種具有新技術(shù)的攝像機(jī),來滿足逆光環(huán)境下對(duì)攝像機(jī)的要求。寬動(dòng)態(tài)技術(shù)攝像機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,逐漸成為各大攝像機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠商關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。

  寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)介紹

  按照度值來衡量,當(dāng)攝像機(jī)從室內(nèi)看窗外,室內(nèi)照度為100Lux,而外面的照度可能是在10,000Lux,對(duì)比就是10,000/100=100:1。在這種對(duì)比下人眼能很容易的同時(shí)看清室內(nèi)和室外的物體,因?yàn)槿搜勰芴幚?000:1的對(duì)比度。然而傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機(jī)就會(huì)有很大的問題。因?yàn)閭鹘y(tǒng)攝像機(jī)只有3:1的對(duì)比性能。

  安裝現(xiàn)場復(fù)雜的光線環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致只能看到監(jiān)控目標(biāo)的輪廓,同時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)畫面被破壞、缺乏色彩層次等問題。當(dāng)使用最慢為1/50秒的電子快門來取得室內(nèi)較暗處目標(biāo)的正確曝光,但在這種情況下室外明亮處的圖像由于過度曝光會(huì)變白(過亮);當(dāng)選擇最快1/6000秒取得室外明亮處影像的完美的曝光,但是室內(nèi)較暗處的影像會(huì)由于欠曝光而變黑(過暗)。這是一個(gè)自從監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" 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title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" 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title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控" title="監(jiān)控">監(jiān)控攝像機(jī)被發(fā)明以來就一直長期困擾使用者的問題。

 

  寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)技術(shù)是在非常強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比下讓攝像機(jī)看到物體圖像而運(yùn)用的一種技術(shù)。當(dāng)在強(qiáng)光源(日光、燈具或反光等)照射下的高亮度區(qū)域及陰影、逆光等相對(duì)亮度較低的區(qū)域在圖像中同時(shí)存在時(shí),攝像機(jī)輸出的圖像會(huì)出現(xiàn)明亮區(qū)域因曝光過度成為白色,而黑暗區(qū)域因曝光不足成為黑色,嚴(yán)重影響圖像質(zhì)量。攝像機(jī)在同一場景中對(duì)最亮區(qū)域及較暗區(qū)域的表現(xiàn)是存在局限的,這種局限就是通常所講的“動(dòng)態(tài)范圍”。

  廣義上的“動(dòng)態(tài)范圍”是指某一變化的事物可能改變的跨度,即其變化值的最低端極點(diǎn)到最高端極點(diǎn)之間的區(qū)域,此區(qū)域的描述一般為最高點(diǎn)與最低點(diǎn)之間的差值。這是一個(gè)應(yīng)用非常廣泛的概念,在談及攝像機(jī)產(chǎn)品的拍攝圖像指標(biāo)時(shí),一般的“動(dòng)態(tài)范圍”是指攝像機(jī)對(duì)拍攝場景中景物光照反射的適應(yīng)能力,具體指亮度(反差)及色溫(反差)的變化范圍。

  DPS寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)技術(shù)

  1、與傳統(tǒng)CCD相比DPS攝像機(jī)是真正的數(shù)字?jǐn)z像機(jī)

  傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機(jī)在圖像的采集、處理和輸出過程中需要經(jīng)過兩次模擬信號(hào)的轉(zhuǎn)換過程,從CCD(模擬)——A/D轉(zhuǎn)換——處理器(DSP)——D/A轉(zhuǎn)換——輸出(模擬),存在著傳輸時(shí)間長(整個(gè)傳輸轉(zhuǎn)換過程需要數(shù)十毫秒),轉(zhuǎn)換噪聲大,視頻信號(hào)衰減等缺陷。

  DPS攝像機(jī)的工作原理

  DPS(DigitalPixelSystem數(shù)字像素處理系統(tǒng))攝像機(jī)包含有一個(gè)數(shù)字的圖像傳感器和一個(gè)數(shù)字的圖像處理器。其核心技術(shù)是在數(shù)字圖像傳感器的每一個(gè)像素上集成了一個(gè)模擬數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器(ADC),每個(gè)數(shù)字圖像傳感器的ADC在捕捉到光信號(hào)時(shí)直接轉(zhuǎn)換為數(shù)字信號(hào),從采樣到輸出的過程,單幀圖像獲取時(shí)間僅需0.8毫秒,最大限度地減少了無效的轉(zhuǎn)換,降低了噪音和衰減。

  傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機(jī)工作原理

  DPS攝像機(jī)在整個(gè)圖像的獲取、傳輸和處理中,不論前端的拾取還是后端的處理完全是數(shù)字化的過程。保證了獲取圖像的高質(zhì)量性,在輸出后的圖像無任何拖尾和開花現(xiàn)象。是真正純數(shù)字化的圖像處理系統(tǒng)。

  2、DPS的多重采樣技術(shù)

  

 

  傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機(jī)只能同時(shí)處理一整列像素,在采集一幅圖像的過程中通常只對(duì)整個(gè)圖像采樣1次,獲取的圖像會(huì)出現(xiàn)不同程度的明亮的區(qū)域曝光過度、較暗的區(qū)域欠曝光的現(xiàn)象(如下圖)。其它些所謂的寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)也僅是采取兩次或多次采樣的方式合成一幅圖像,效果上雖有所改善,但不能從本質(zhì)上徹底解決問題。

  S1點(diǎn)亮度較高,控制采樣曝光的時(shí)間相對(duì)較短;S5點(diǎn)亮度較暗,曝光時(shí)間就較長。DPS攝像機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)逐點(diǎn)采樣逐點(diǎn)控制曝光,可同時(shí)獲取場景中明亮及陰暗區(qū)域詳細(xì)的圖像信息。

  采用DPS技術(shù)的攝像機(jī)在采集一幅圖像時(shí),系統(tǒng)可對(duì)每個(gè)像素進(jìn)行多次單獨(dú)無損失采樣,成像系統(tǒng)控制每個(gè)像素的最佳采樣時(shí)間,在每個(gè)像素達(dá)到最佳狀態(tài)時(shí)存儲(chǔ)像素信息,最終可同時(shí)獲取場景中明亮及陰暗區(qū)域詳細(xì)的圖像信息。

  3、模擬人眼與大腦,圖像傳感器和圖像處理器具有雙向?qū)崟r(shí)互動(dòng)性

  模擬人眼與大腦,圖像傳感器和圖像處理器具有雙向?qū)崟r(shí)互動(dòng)性。DPS攝像機(jī)在圖像的攝取和處理過程類似于人眼和大腦的關(guān)系,負(fù)責(zé)圖像的處理和運(yùn)算的同時(shí),不斷向圖像傳感器下達(dá)指令,不僅調(diào)整曝光時(shí)間而且改變實(shí)際的圖像捕捉算法。最終,在特定的圖像特征和光照下,獲得最佳的圖像效果。

  4、更寬的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍和更真實(shí)的色彩再現(xiàn)

  采用DPS技術(shù)的攝像機(jī),通過其特有的數(shù)字采樣和數(shù)字處理,得到比CCD攝像機(jī)更寬的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍(CCD的動(dòng)態(tài)范圍最大為60dB,DPS可達(dá)到120dB)。

  更加接近真實(shí)場景的色彩還原

  5、強(qiáng)大的軟件應(yīng)用

  DPS攝像機(jī)內(nèi)嵌ARM7CPU處理器,配以強(qiáng)大的軟件平臺(tái),使許多傳統(tǒng)CCD攝像機(jī)無法企及的功能變得簡單有效。

  l多語言界面平臺(tái),NTSC/PAL制式兼容,可使攝像機(jī)打破傳統(tǒng)地域界限,實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品國際化,為不同地區(qū)的使用者帶來方便;

  l智能線纜傳輸長度補(bǔ)償、更寬的線鎖調(diào)整范圍、更寬的白平衡范圍,使調(diào)整、偏色等問題變得迎刃而解;

  l日夜模式控制,采用可移動(dòng)紅外濾片,白天用彩色,夜晚用黑白,增強(qiáng)夜晚感受紅外光的能力,突破傳統(tǒng)攝像機(jī)在低照下的技術(shù)瓶頸,解決在環(huán)境光線較暗的情況下圖像成像的問題;

  l遠(yuǎn)程攝像機(jī)的設(shè)置調(diào)整使原本煩瑣的安裝調(diào)試變得簡單輕松;

  l同樣數(shù)字化的信號(hào)輸出可直接提供給高端的顯示設(shè)備以及編碼壓縮芯片,減少信號(hào)還原過程的損失,得到更加真實(shí)的圖像。

  寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)應(yīng)用

  DPS攝像機(jī)優(yōu)良的寬動(dòng)態(tài)特性可使其應(yīng)用于光線落差較大的環(huán)境中(特別是從室內(nèi)看向室外)看清全景中每個(gè)角落的細(xì)節(jié),如安裝了寬大玻璃窗的辦公大廳、銀行、ATM機(jī)、幾乎每個(gè)商店、機(jī)場等,這些位于門口、窗口等處具有明亮背景光的監(jiān)控場景,都可得到滿意的可辨識(shí)圖像,模擬攝像機(jī)在這類場景的監(jiān)控受制其技術(shù)上的缺陷較難取得理想效果。

  總結(jié)

  DPS數(shù)字像素處理技術(shù)標(biāo)志著在攝像機(jī)技術(shù)上的一個(gè)根本突破,代表了攝像機(jī)傳感器方面的一項(xiàng)突破性進(jìn)展。它是一種捕捉高質(zhì)量圖像的尖端技術(shù),使用在最復(fù)雜及最苛刻的光照條件下。憑借著優(yōu)良的寬動(dòng)態(tài)技術(shù),景陽寬動(dòng)態(tài)攝像機(jī)將為用戶解決復(fù)雜光線環(huán)境下監(jiān)控的諸多難題,最大程度上滿足各行各業(yè)對(duì)攝像機(jī)的不同需求。

 

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